All of Jupiter's Large Moons Have Auroras universetoday storybywill
) here on Earth. In the case of Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto, the oxygen content of their atmospheres is due to photolysis, a process where water ice sublimates and is broken down by solar radiation into its hydrogen gas and oxygen. In Io’s case, the oxygen is caused by sulfur dioxide interacting with solar radiation to form sulfur monoxide and elemental oxygen.
Artist’s depiction of oxygen aurora on Jupiter’s moon Ganymede, the largest moon in the solar system, as observed by the twin Keck Observatory telescopes. Credit: Julie Inglis The observations also showed how Jupiter’s tilted magnetic field causes aurorae to vary in brightness as the gas giant rotates. The tilt of this field, roughly 10° from Jupiter’s axis of rotation compared to Earth’s 11° tilt, means that the moons will experience greater interaction at certain times of their orbit.
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