There are geographical variations. Researchers found that the impact of pollution on suicide rates was greatest in poorer counties and in those with more unemployment
Save time by listening to our audio articles as you multitask, examined suicides throughout America between 2003 and 2010. They looked for a link between these and aerial levels of fine particulate matter known as2.5 because its particles are less than 2.5 microns across. These can enter the bloodstream via the lungs. They hypothesised that poor air quality worsens people’s moods, which in turn increases the likelihood of someone experiencing suicidal thoughts.
Suicide rates vary for many reasons, so the two researchers concentrated on correlating day-to-day changes in the number of suicides in particular places with fluctuating air-pollution levels caused by alterations in wind direction. In Boston, for example, north-easterlies blowing into the city from industrial areas bring air carrying around five micrograms per cubic metre more2.5 than westerlies from upstate Massachusetts.
Their analysis was published as a working paper by the National Bureau of Economic Research, in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It found that an increase of one microgram per cubic metre in2.5 in a given place was linked to an average rise in daily suicide rates of just under 0.5%, and if that increased level was sustained for a month, hospital admissions connected with attempted suicides rose by 50%.
To test directly the idea that poor air quality worsens mood they took data from surveys about mood and mental state and checked whether the answers were related to pollution levels in respondents’ home towns in the month leading up to the survey. They found that even a single additional day in a typical month during which2.
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Frontiers | Associations between air pollution and multimorbidity in the UK Biobank: A cross-sectional studyBackground: Long-term exposure to air pollution concentrations is known to be adversely associated with a broad range of single non-communicable diseases, but its role in multimorbidity has not been investigated in the UK. We aimed to assess associations between long-term air pollution exposure and multimorbidity status, severity, and patterns using the UK Biobank cohort. Methods: Multimorbidity status was calculated based on 41 physical and mental conditions. We assessed cross-sectional associations between annual modelled particulate matter (PM)2.5, PMcoarse, PM10, and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations (μg/m3 – modelled to residential address) and multimorbidity status at the baseline assessment (2006-2010) in 364,144 people (mean age: 52.2±8.1 years, 52.6% female). Air pollutants were categorised into quartiles to assess dose-response associations. Among those with multimorbidity (≥2 conditions; n=156,395) we assessed associations between air pollutant exposure levels and multimorbidity severity and multimorbidity patterns, which were identified using exploratory factor analysis. Associations were explored using generalised linear models adjusted for sociodemographic, behavioural, and environmental indicators. Results: Higher exposures to PM2.5, and NO2 were associated with multimorbidity status in a dose-dependent manner. These associations were strongest when we compared the highest air pollution quartile (quartile 4: Q4) with the lowest quartile (Q1) [PM2.5: adjusted odds ratio (adjOR)=1.21 (95% CI=1.18, 1.24); NO2: adjOR=1.19 (95 % CI=1.16, 1.23)]. We also observed dose-response associations between air pollutant exposures and multimorbidity severity scores. We identified 11 multimorbidity patterns. Air pollution was associated with several multimorbidity patterns with strongest associations (Q4 vs Q1) observed for neurological (stroke, epilepsy, alcohol/substance dependency) [PM2.5: adjOR=1.31 (95% CI=1.14, 1.51); NO2: adjOR=1.33 (95% CI=1.11, 1.60)] and
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