Nature research paper: ABO genotype alters the gut microbiota by regulating GalNAc levels in pigs
The composition of the intestinal microbiome varies considerably between individuals and is correlated with health. Understanding to what extend and how host genetics contributes to this variation is paramount yet has proven difficult as few associations have been replicated, particularly in humans. We herein study the effect of host genotype on the composition of the intestinal microbiota in a large mosaic pig population.
We map a quantitative trait locus affecting the abundance ofspecies and show that it is caused by a 2.3-Kb deletion in the N-acetyl-galactosaminyl-transferase gene underpinning the ABO blood group in humans. We show that this deletion is a ≥3.5 million years old trans-species polymorphism under balancing selection. We demonstrate that it decreases the concentrations of N-acetyl-galactosamine in the gut thereby reducing the abundance ofthat can import and catabolize N-acetyl-galactosamine.
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