Gondwana, an ancient supercontinent comprising present-day South America, Africa, Arabia, Madagascar, India, Australia, and Antarctica, formed around 600 million years ago.
From lost continents to polar dinosaurs, we examine Gondwana’s geological wonders that had a profound impact on Earth’s history.
During the early stages of the Paleozoic Era, around 600 million years ago, Gondwana emerged as an ancient supercontinent, connecting the landmasses of South America, Africa, India, Antarctica, Australia, and the Arabian PeninsulaSpanning over 300 million years, Gondwana played a pivotal role in shaping the continents we know today.
Pannotia did not include the northern continents like Laurentia and Siberia. These landmasses would later converge with Gondwana, a successor of Pannotia, to shape Pangaea. However, research using geological data from the Argo Abyssal Plain and Southeast Asia has revealed Argoland’s journey. The age range of the superdeep diamonds under study, spanning from 650 million to 450 million years ago, provides researchers with new insights into the timing of diamond formation and the mechanisms by which they ascended to become part of the continental foundation of Gondwana.
Approximately 180 million years ago, in the Jurassic period , Gondwana underwent significant transformations. Segments of what is presently recognized as East Gondwana began to separate, triggering numerous volcanic eruptions.Around 85 million years ago, Australia commenced its separation from Antarctica, eventually evolving into a fully independent continent within the last 45 million years.
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