The pen-sized tool is the oldest tattooing artifact ever discovered in western North America.
A 2,000-year-old tattooing tool has been discovered in Utah—the oldest artifact of its kind found in the the Western U.S., predating the second oldest by a millennium.
Gillreath-Brown and his colleagues then studied the tool. Their findings, which have now been published in the Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, conclude that it is an early tattooing tool. Researchers analyzed the tips using an electron microscope, X-ray and spectroscopy, while Gillreath-Brown also created a replica tool and used it to perform tattoo tests on pig skin. Findings showed the pigment on the needles contained carbon, which is commonly used in tattooing. He said the ink was probably made from carbon generated by fire.
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